Indian born physicist created fifth state of matter from her living room during the lockdown of 2020

Dr. Amruta Gadge from the Quantum Systems and Devices Laboratory successfully created a Bose-EinsteinCondensate (BEC) at the University of Sussex facilities despite working remotely from her living room two miles away. It is believed to be the first time that BEC has been created remotely in a lab that did not have one before. The research team believes the achievement could provide a blueprint for operating quantum technology in inaccessible environments such as space.

The fifth state of matter follows solid, liquid, gas, and plasma, which is produced when the atoms in a gas become ionized. In the mid-1920s, Albert Einstein and Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose predicted that quantum mechanics can force a large number of particles to behave like a single particle, heralding research into the so-called fifth matter.

However, it wasn’t until June 1995 that scientists created the world's first BEC (at the University of Colorado Boulder in the USA), by cooling a gas of around 2,000 rubidium atoms.

A BEC consists of a cloud of hundreds of thousands of rubidium atoms, typically of gases, cooled down to very low temperatures than freezing (at a fraction just above absolute zero i.e., Zero Kelvins (−273.15 °C)). When bosonic atoms are cooled to form a condensate, they can lose their individuality. They behave like one big collective superatom, a bit like how photons become indistinguishable in a laser beam.

For more info about this - Go to phys.org website